Lesson - 5
D03135
Principles of Poetry - ‘Vaidaruppam’-II
This
lesson defines the 3 types of poetic languages and discusses the impact
of Sanskrit on Tamil grammar. Lesson 4 discussed 5 principles of ‘vaidauppa
neri’- viz, ‘serivu’, ‘thelivu’, ‘samanilai’, ‘inbam’ and ‘ozhugisai’
with suitable examples. This lesson defines and illustrates the other
5 features of ‘vaidauppa neri’, namely, ‘udaaram’, ‘uythalil porunmai’,
‘kantham’, ‘vali’ and ‘samathi’.
According to the ancient text ‘Kaaviyadarisam’,
there are 3 types of poetic languages: viz, ‘Sanskrit’, ‘Prakrit’ and
‘Abappiranjam’. ‘Sanskrit’, a North Indian language, was deemed the language
of the gods. ‘Prakriti’ was described as the language of the cosmmon man
and it differed from region to region. ‘Abappiranjam’ was the language
of the lower classes. ‘Prakrit’ was classified as ‘Tharpavam’, ‘Tharchamam’
and Desiyam’. Under the influence of Sanskrit, Tamil acquired ‘Tharpavam’
and ‘Tharchamam’ words and other loan words from North Indian languages.
As a result, there was a need to understand the ‘ani ilakkanam’ in Sanskrit.
Hence the ‘ani ilakkanam’ in Sanskrit was either translated into Tamil
or books were written based on it.
‘Udaaram’, ‘uythalil porunmai’,
‘kantham’, ‘vali’ and ‘samathi’ are the last 5 features of ‘Vaidaruppa
Neri’. ‘Udaaram’ is the technique of suggestion. Allowing the reader to
infer the meaning of a verse by implicit suggestion is called ‘Udaaram’.
When the words in the verse are self-explanatory, that is, when it is
not necessary to add words to a verse in order to understand its meaning,
the verse is said to possess ‘uythalil porunmai’. ‘Kantham’ is the technique
of exalting something without exaggerating. While the poet may use his
imagination to describe something in lofty terms, he also remains within
the bounds of realism. Incorporating a moderate number of ‘thogai sol’
or ellipsis in a verse is called ‘Vali’. ‘Samaathi’ is similar to mixed
metaphors. It is the technique of combining seemingly disparate or incompatible
elements in a verse.
‘Vaidaruppam’ and ‘Kaudam’ which
are the 2 important types of poetic principles share certain similarities.
Of the 10 characteristic features attributed to both, ‘Ozhugisai’, ‘Porul
Inbam’, ‘Udaaram’ and ‘Samaathi’ are similar in both. The lesson also
draws a list of the differences between ‘Vaidaruppam’ and ‘Kaudam’.
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