This lesson explains the rule of the later chola dynasty established by விஜயாலயசோழன். The great chola kings விஜயாலயன், ஆதித்தன் I, பராந்தகன், கண்டராதித்தன், அரிஞ்சவன் and பராந்தகன் II alias சுந்தரசோழன் and மதுராந்தக உத்தம சோழன்

    The kings of the second phase of later cholas are historic in terms of temple constructions.

    Afterwards குலோத்துங்கன் I established his heritage. He was the grandson of Rajendra chola I by his daughter . This deviation from the heriditary rights by sons is siginificant .குலோத்துங்கன் was succeeded by விக்கிரமசோழன், குலோத்துங்கன் II, இராஜராஜன் II, இராஜாதிராஜன் II, குலோத்துங்கன் III, இராஜதிராஜன் III, and இராஜாதிராஜன் III.

     Cholas perfected the art of state administration by dividing the land in many parts and appointed ministers to advise the king and the higher officers to execute his orders. Land was surveyed and land revenue was levied on the owners. Courts were established. Then Temple services were regularly performed. Educational and literary activities were encouraged.

    கலிங்கத்துப்பரணி, மூவருலா, தக்கயாகப்பரணி, குலோத்துங்கன் பிள்ளைத்தமிழ், கம்பராமாயணம், திருத்தொண்டர்புராணம், தண்டியலங்காரம், திருத்தொண்டர்திருவந்தாதி, நளவெண்பா and such other literary works were the remarkable productions of this period. Sculpture, Agamas, Bharathanatyam, and Drama were encouraged and many literary works came out highlighting these arts.

    All the five units in this lesson will enable you to understand the two lineages of Chola Kings, Chola regions and village administration and about their service to temples and literature.