But the contents of the inscription are significant. In spite of the fact the lines are not all well preserved we have the name of the king who ordered to carve out the text. This name is Sri Mara. At the beginning of the study of this inscription, it was thought the king was a Buddhist because he was praising 'compassion', karuna. The name 'Mara' also seemed to evolve Buddhism. But it would have been very strange if the king had designated himself as Mara, that is, as an enemy of Buddhism. We know karuna, corresponding to the Tamil arul, is Brahmanical or Hindu as well as Buddhistic, and the name Mara in Sanskrit must now be recognised as merely being a transliteration of the famous Tamil title of Pandyan kings MaRaN. Because the letter R of Tamil MaRaN is lacking in Sanskrit, it was replaced by the other one and so the Tamil word became similar to the name of the Buddha's antagonist who was surely out of consideration there. The use of the Sanskrit language by Tamilians and the introduction of a famous Tamil royal title under a Sanskrit garment was quite natural at the time, that is, in the first centuries of the Saka era. In this period not only the Dravidian languages were by their very origin different from the Indo-Aryan ones but also they most probably were already highly differentiated from each other. Above all, the Indo-Aryan Prakrits of the North, also in use in the South with the Jain Ardhamagadhi and with the Buddhist Pali were much different from each other. Only Sanskrit was known at least by educated people everywhere and regularly taught in special schools conducted throughout India. It was the only means of general communications as Latin has been during centuries in Europe and as English is today in the greatest part of the world; Sanskrit was used for secular and practical purposes, owing to this character of common language medium. In most of the official inscriptions it replaced the Prakrits and, at the same time the compromise between the old Buddhist Prakrit text and the widespread usage of the classical Sanskrit gave birth to the so-called Buddhist hybrid Sanskrit which was gradually replaced by classical Sanskrit itself. |