“If the culture of a people is indigenous to the soil on which they live, if it appears to have grown in situ before they came in contact with other people, it must be solely due to the influence of their physical surroundings. A culture that has grown as the reaction of a people to their milieu is due to geographical and not historical causes, like the influence of foreign people who have come in touch with them by conquest or trade or other forms of peaceful intercourse. We are in a position to trace the growth of human culture in Tamil India, from stage to stage, in ancient times, the action of the physical environment on the human organism. Several writers of Indian History seem to hold it is a necessary axiom that the fertile lands of India, with her wonderful wealth of minerals underground and her infinitely various fauna and flora overground, and with her climate, insular in some parts and continental in others, pre-eminently fitted to nurture men, especially in the early stages of their evolution, should yet depend on importations from the aried countries beyond her borders for her human inhabitants and for the various cultures that adorn the pages of her history. Some writers conduct the ancient “Dravidians” with the self-confidence of a Cooke's guide through the North-western or North-eastern mountain passes of India and drop them with a ready-made foreign culture on the banks of the Kaviri or Vaigai. The slender evidence on which they rely for this elaborate theorizing is the fact that Brƒhui, a dialect spoken in the northern corner of India possesses a few words allied to Tamil words. The only legitimate inference from this is that the Tamil language or a language allied to it prevailed up to the North-west province in ancient times. This inference is supported by another fact, viz., that the modern dialects of Northern India now called Sanskritic or Guadian, have a fundamental grammatical framework and a Scheme of Syntax, the same as that of the Dravidian dialects, so much so that sentences from the one set of the Dravidian dialects can be translated into any one of the other set of dialects by the substitution of word for word, without causing any breach of idiom. These facts can only prove that people speaking dialects allied to Tamil once inhabited