பக்கம் எண் :

Derivational Changes179

ivu˜i, that which resists the enemy fiercely.
vanni, that which is white all over the body.
pari, that which runs very fast.
kandugam, that whose legs resemble cylindrical pillars.

The state-horse of the Pandiyan king was of the kana-va——am (that which is stout and heavy) variety; that of the Chla king, of the kram (prob.kdagam) variety; that of the Chera king, of the pƒda˜am variety; and that of the tributary chieftains, of the kandugam variety.

ma——am, is a pony, and ta——u, a country breed.
There are about twenty common names for horse in Tamil though it is not an indigenous animal.

Three species of the genus Crocodilus:

idaŒgar, alligator.
karƒm, gavial,
mudalai, crocodile.

The four kinds of leaves:

ilai, that which is rough like a plantain leaf.
tƒ˜, that which is rough like a grass-blade.
tkai, that which is rough and lanceolate and hangs down like a sugarcane leaf.
lai, that which is stiff and thick like a palm leaf.

The five stages of a flower:

arumbu, bud.
pdu. Flower bud ready to open.
malar, full-blown flower, blossom:
v, flower fallen from a plant or tree.
šemmal, faded flower.

The three stages of a fruit:

piju, young tender fruit.
kƒy, unripe fruit.
kani or paam, ripe fruit.