(5) Neydal, the littoral tract, that which skirts the sea. All these five kinds of natural regions are found in the Tamil country, though on a small scale, and the Lemurian Tamils spread from region to region, as they developed the stages of culture which each region was calculated to produce.

     “........... The states of culture through which man has passed are then five, the hunter, the nomad, the pastoral, the littoral and the agricultural, the last including the industrial stage...... The Physical characteristics of each region provided the development of the special culture of that region.”¹

     (3) The various forms of address by which the hero is addressed by the heroine's confidantee, in an amatory poem, as Silamba! (O Lord of the hill.), Ura! (O Lord of the agricultural town), TuŠaiva! (O Lord of the seacoast tow?) and so on, remind us of a period when State organization had not reached beyond the city stage in Tamil Nadu.

     (4) In all erotic poems coming under the category of Agam, the lovers described are imaginary characters or ideal type. Every erotic poem, mentioning the proper name of a lover, whether real or imaginary, is treated as belonging to the category of PuŠam. It is prescribed indirectly, that the presentation of a gift by a lover to his sweetheart before their clandestine union, should be represented as that of a leafy attire (however advanced the Tamil country may be in textile and tailoring industries). The theme of presentation of a leafy attire takes us far back to a period of immemorial antiquity, as the art of weaving is now ascertained to be Stone Age old.

     The characteristic physical features and geographical conditions of the five tracts into which Tamil Nadu is naturally divided, are still the same as those described in ancient Tamil literature, allowance being made for the later-day social and religious developments, the consequent living side by side of the