of some authors of certain passages he quoted. His sincerity of scholarship is evident.⁵³

The similarity between English and Tamil in addressing the deity in the second person singular is shown by him and also Tamil’s “honorific distinction” while addressing, which corresponds the French “Tutoyer” is also given. The latter has not “Corresponding pharse in English.⁵⁴

Ellis was an administrator and amidst his multifarious programmes, he found time to devote to the Kur̠aḷ. His commentary overflowing with allusions from nearly all the important languages is a remarkable contribution.

Dr. Graul-a German scholar-also translated the Kur̠aḷ. It was published in 1856, both at London and at Leipzig and was rendered into German and Latin. Dr. Graul’s translation did not exhaust the entire Kur̠aḷ due to his “lamented death”.⁵⁵ Dr. Pope believes this work to be a valuable one”.⁵⁶

The Kur̠aḷ is dealt with in the III and IV volumes of Graul’s work “Bibliotheca Tamulica sive Opera praecipua Tamuliensium.”

The III volume contains the German translation and the IV volume has the Tamil Text of the Kur̠aḷ and the Latin translation. Grammatical notes together with a glossary are added.⁵⁷

Graul’s translation was read by Albert Schweitzer, who later wrote a book on India thought and its development in which he has praised the Kur̠aḷ. Since the Kur̠aḷ dispensed with the “World-Life Negation Theory” and asserted the reality of the world it was appealing to Albert Schewitzer who paid the Kur̠aḷ unstinted praise.⁵⁸

53. E. T. C. P. 311.

54. E. T. C. P. 338.

55. P. T. S. K. Introduction P. IV

56. P. T. S. K. Introduction P. IV

57. “Tamil Culture”; Volume IX; No.2, 1961; P. 114.

58. Meenakhisundaram; T. P. “Niṅkaḷum Cuvaiyuṅkaḷ”; P. 1, 2.