be invaluable to the Anthropologist interested in South India and her people.¹²⁸

The third work was a translation into German of the Tamil works Nitiveṇpā, Koṉṟaivēntaṉ and Ulakanῑti.¹²⁹

Ziegenbalg wanted to dispel the could of ignorance which enveloped the Europeans that the Malabarians were a barbarous people devoid of culture and virtues. His main intention in writing these books was to make them an eye-opener to the west to show that the Tamils were cultured and dignified.

Rev. Henry Richard Hoisington D.D. of the American Mission in Ceylon translated into English a work entitled “Tattuva Kaṭṭaḷai, Civañāṉa pōtam, and Civapprakācam” - Treatises on Hindu Philosophy translated from the Tamil with Introduction and Notes. This work appeared as three articles in the “Journal of The American Oriental Society” Volume IV Nos. 1 to 11. In 1854, these were combined together to form a complete book which was printed by B. L. Hamlen (New Haven - Printed by B. L. Hamlen, Printer to Yale College 1854). The first article “Tattuva Kaṭṭaḷai” - “Law of The Tattuvam - a Synopsis Of The Mystical Philosophy of The Hindus” - Translated from the Tamil with notes by the Rev. Henry R. Hoisington.

The second article “Civañāṉa pōtam” was “Instruction in the knowledge of God - Metaphysical and theological Treatise”, Translated from the Tamil with an introduction and notes, by the same author. In the introductions, he comments that the general plan of such works “embrace the principles of logical and metaphysical reasoning, weaving in many assumed theological and scientific dogmas, yet evincing that the Hindus have some correct apprehension of true sources of ideas, and of the way in which the human mind usually reasons when enlightened.”

The third article “Civapprakācam” was the “Light Of Civam.”

128. Ibid. P. 285

129. Ibid. P. 189