The Locative Case: All words signifying place in general can be used as locative endings in Tamil, the most common of them being il whose primary meaning is house.
     Cf. E. in < inn, house.

(3)  Enunciative Particles
     karam, kƒram, kƒn, „nam, etc.
     e.g. agaram, the letter ‘a’.
         ƒgƒram, the letter ‘ƒ’.

(4)  Connective Particles
     um, „, etc.
     e.g. aŠamum poru˜um, virtue and wealth.
         o‹Š,,kƒl, one and a quarter.

         um is a crude verbal theme meaning ‘to gather’, ‘to assemble’, etc.

     „ is the crude form of the verb „y, to unite.

(5)  Syntactic Interrogatives
     ƒ and †.
     ƒ may have been derived from vƒ which ? what?
     Cf. yƒr-ƒr, who?

     ƒ < †. Cf. periyƒr-periy†r, the great.

(6)  Emphatic Particles
     tƒn and ,,.

     The former seems to be the reflexive singular pronoun tan, and the latter, the crude root signifying exaltation or pre-eminence.

(7)  Euphonic Inflexional Increments
     (i1)-in-an, attu-aŠŠu, ittu-iŠŠu, etc.

     in is a genitive suffix which has lost its force owing to misuse, and attu and ittu, variations of adu, that and idu, this respectively, the variation consisting in the reduplication of the final surd.