in
course of time, an increasing number of homonyms which required to be
treated in separate word -books of a different kind, Even the early nika--u
works contain, as already indicated, separate sections on homonyms. These
sections are solely lexicographical in function; and is is here that we
find a long course of development, ending at last in the adoption of the
alphabetical order. The
arrangement of homonyms in the 11 th section of Tivƒkaram
is,as in Tolkƒppiyam,quite
arbitrary. There are 348 homonyms in this work; and the printed editions
give them in an alphabetical order, dividing the section into two
parts, one with the homonyms
at the beginning, and the other at the end, of the sutras. But this order
must have been introduced by later redactors, homonyms in its 10th section
and it may be noted that the number of homonyms has increased to 1091. The printed
editions of this work also adopt the alphabetical order, through none of
the manuscripts PiŒkalantai
treats of these homonyms in its 10th section and it may be noted that the
number of the homonyms has increased to 1091.
The printed editions of these work also adopt the alphabetical
order, though one of the manuscripts support it. The original order of the
homonyms in this section seems to have been based on the respective order
in which they occur in the preceding nine sections. It may also be pointed out that Tolkƒppiyam
and Tivƒkaram
met only casually the requirements of etukai in the arrangement of
homonyms. In both the works, the homonyms were intended to be memorised.
Etukai was adopted not as a constructive principle to facilitate reference
but as a decorative principle
to help the sutra style. In the 11 th section of C‡-ƒma-i-nika--u,
we find, for the first time, the principle of etukai
expressly adopted ( vide the introductory stanza ), and the section
divided into as many sub-sections as
there etukai.
Thus some
help was provided for easy
reference also. Being the first attempt of its kind, this section
exhibited a few defects in its arrangement. Sometimes, homonyms of
different etukai
were jumbled together in the same stanza 1
A good number of options adjuncts had also been used for the sake of
rhyme or metre. The number of works treated in this section is about 1575. Even in nika--u
works written for popular use, no development in the plan, leading to a
change of emphasis form 'memorizing' to 'reference', is found. In one or
two works ( e.g.,kayataram ), autƒti-t-to-ai
is adopted to help the memory.2 In
the number of homonyms also, is no increase. On the contrary, Uaiccol-nika--u
contains only about 150, kayataram
about 850 and ƒpotikai-nikantu
(10th section of the 1st part ) about 1350 homonyms.
|
ARUMPORUI-VILAKKA-NIKANTU |
Alongside of these, appeared works which dealt exclusively with homonyms and improved the Œ treatment in many directions. The earliest work of this kind, so far know to us, is Arumporu˜- vilkka-nikantu. Its author was Arumarundiaya Desikar. He was a Vira Saivite and his guru was Pacchai-k-kanda Desikar of Childambaram. The work is dated 1
Later
redactors collected ll such stanzas into a separate sub-section and named
it kalappetukai
(
mixed etukai
) 2
Mr.A.
Shanmukkam Pillai of so‰vandƒ‹
is mentioned as having written an antƒti-t-to-ai-nika--u ( vide Ta‹i-c-ceyyu--cintƒma-i ). |