AKAATI-NIKANTU |
The
first work of this kind is Akarƒti-nika–—u.
As the name indicates, it has adopted the alphabetical order in the
arrangement of vocables.Its
author was Chidambara R„va–a
Siddhar, a V…ra
šaivite. The date of this work is 1594 A.D., as is seen from the
introductory verse. All the words beginning with அ
are grouped together, followed by words beginning with ஆ and
so
on to வௌ; but
there is no further alphabetical arrangement under the individual
letters.
This is what is called the first -letter order1.
There are another plan that
has been adopted. Words beginning with each letter are meanings,
three meanings sections, according as theory 3368 words treated in this way
. Several sections must be looked thought to see if a given word occurs. In
spite of these defects, this work is very important in the history of
Tamil Lexicography. It was the first
reference work in Tamil to adopt the alphabetical order. How this
order was
arrived at, we cannot say,
In Tamil
alphabetical order. How this order was arrived at we cannot say. In
Tamil literature, there were species
of compositions, like varuka-k-k†vai,
which were characterized by an alphabetical arrangement of the idea to the
autor of the
stanzas. Most
probably, these works suggested the idea to the author of Akarƒti-nika–—u2.
It is probable
that early Sanskrit Nigha–—us
has also some influence in the matter.
In another respect also Akarƒti-nika–—u is noteworthy. It gave us our word for a dictionary 3. To a person belonging to the 16th century, the term ' kakarƒti' would, by itself ,convey no meaning other than an alphabetical . 1
Students
of English Lexicography will note that the Epinal Glossary had advanced
exactly to his first-letter order. (Murray : Evolution of English
Lexicography, p. 11). 2
We
find an entry ` Ajƒrƒdi
Nigha–—u'
in Dr. Oppert's Catalogue of Sanskrit Mass. (4969). But this catalogue is
an altogether unreliable guide, as it is not based on an examination of
manuscripts; and the entry might after allhave reference to the Tamil
work, Akarƒtinika–—u.
We may, however, note that the Nƒnƒrthƒr–ava
Sanskrit Nighantu now available in print, adopts an alphabetical order in
the arrangement of homonyms according to gender. This arrangement is
expressly meant for easy reference. The
work was composed under the orders of Rƒjarƒja son of Kul†ttŒga
II, who reigned form 1146 A.D. to 1170 A.D.
Its author was K„šavaswƒmin,
a_Sƒma-v„din
in the service of that king.
There
is also another work in Sanskrit, the Nƒnƒrtha
SaŒgraga (now
under publication by Dr. T.R. Chintamani, Senior Lecturer in Sanskrit,
University of Madras) by Ajayapƒla, which follows the alphabetical order. The is also a Nigha–—u
on homonyms, as its name indicates. As
it is quoted in Tikƒ-saravasvam (1159 A.D.), it must be far earlier in
date. 3
The
term akarƒti (from Sanskrit Akƒrƒdi) exactly corresponds to the `Abecedarium'
of Richard Huloet's ` The Abecedarium
Anglico Latinum pro Tyrunculis' published in 1552.
Compare
Sir James Murray on the word `Dictionary' :- `The early vocabularies and
dictionaries had many name, of often quaint and striking ; thus one of c.
1420 is eutitled the Nominale, orname-book ; mention has already been made
of the medula grammatices, or marow of Grammar, the Ortus Vocabulorum, or
Garden of Words, the promptorium parvulorum, and the Catholicon Anglicum ;
alter we find the Manipulus Vocabulorum, or Handful of Vocables, the
Alvearie. or Bechive, the Abecedarium, the Bibliotheca, or Library the
Thesaurus, or Guide to the Tongues, the Glossographia, the New world of
words, the Etymologicum, the Gozophylacium ; and it would have been
impossible to predict in the year 1538, when Sir Thomas Elyot published
his `Dictionary' that this name would supplant all the others, and even
take the place of the older and better-descended word Vocubulary'. |